Under which amendment do citizens have the right to assemble peacefully?

The right to assemble peacefully is protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. This amendment guarantees several fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of speech, religion, and the press, as well as the right to assemble. The phrase "peaceably to assemble" specifically ensures that citizens can come together in groups to express their ideas, advocate for causes, and participate in demonstrations without fearing government interference, as long as those assemblies are peaceful.

In contrast, the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms, the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the Ninth Amendment acknowledges that people have rights beyond those specifically listed in the Constitution. Each of these amendments serves distinct purposes, but it is the First Amendment that explicitly focuses on the rights related to assembly and free expression.